What is ADA Compliance?
What is ADA Compliance?
ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990) refers to a civil rights law in the US that advocates inclusiveness by ensuring that people with disabilities have equal access to various aspects of public life, including employment, public services, public accommodations, and telecommunications. It prohibits discrimination based on disability.
With ADA Title III – public accommodations, it extends to digital spaces through web accessibility. These standards are often defined by the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
Why is ADA Compliance important?
An Accessibility audit reports 90% of websites are inaccessible to people with disabilities relying on assistive technology. Only 3% of the internet is fully accessible to people with disabilities.
This indicates how ADA compliance is essential. Web Accessibility not only holds moral responsibility, but it also holds business implications.
Web Accessibility helps businesses with,
- Target Larger Audience
- Avoiding Lawsuits and Penalties
- Establishing Brand Recognition
Target Larger Audience
As of 2021, around 13.5% of the U.S. population had some type of disability. Disability is more common among older individuals, with almost half (46%) of those aged 75 years and older living with a disability.
75% of the disable people in America use Internet, makes ADA compliance for web accessibility essential for the websites to follow.
Avoiding Lawsuits and Penalties
Failure to comply with the ADA may lead to penalties that range from $55,000 to $150,000, as well as legal actions initiated by impacted individuals.
In 2022, Plaintiffs filed 8,694 Title III lawsuits in federal courts, a drop of 2,758 cases, or 24.1%, from 2021. However, compared to the 2,722 total lawsuit count in 2013, 8,694 lawsuits mark 319% increase from 2013.
Establishing Brand Recognition
Accessibility efforts signal to users that your brand is trustworthy and values the needs of all its users. Consumers are increasingly valuing businesses that prioritize accessibility and inclusivity. Meeting ADA compliance can enhance your brand’s image, fostering a positive perception among customers and the general public.
Following ADA compliance is a good way to avoid Lawsuits, ensure better brand recognition and improve business growth with a larger target audience.
Who needs to follow ADA Compliance for Web Accessibility?
ADA Compliance is used for Web Accessibility by:
- Developers to build a website that considers easy access to all, fix any accessibility issues that occur, and debug for any failing accessibility standards and criteria.
- QAs to test the application against success criteria and conclude whether all the accessibility guidelines and criteria are successfully met.
- UX Designers to create accessible and all-inclusive interface designs, which can used by all regardless of their age, ability, or status.
- Product Managers evaluate ADA compliance accessibility pre-requisites, verify them, and access any incurring issues to create VPAT reports and monitor them.
Which Industries need to follow ADA Compliance for Web Accessibility?
ADA Compliance is followed by companies in these industries predominantly:
- BFSI: Banking Finance Securities and Insurance deals with the monetary issues of people. Being customer-centric and involving finances, it is very critical to adhere to Web Accessibility Standards.
- Gov / Public sector: Government or Public sector companies/offices directly serve the citizens and hence to serve all in the fullest capacities, they need to follow ADA Compliance for Web Accessibility.
- Healthcare: To provide healthcare services to all despite disabilities, it is important that Healthcare companies create ADA-compliant websites.
- Education: To create an all-inclusive education system, it is essential to comply with ADA Compliance and ensure everyone has access to education irrespective of their disabilities.
- Utility companies: For easy access to basic utilities for all, utility companies should follow ADA Compliance, so that even people with disabilities can be a consumer of their products/services.
- Entertainment: Entertainment should be all-inclusive and accessible to all. Adhering to ADA Compliance entertainment companies should be able to serve all without any inhibitions.
- Digital agencies: Digital Agencies help businesses create their online presence, hence it is important for them to follow ADA compliance for creating an all-inclusive digital space.
- B2B SaaS: B2B SaaS companies build software products and help businesses address customer-centric concerns. By following ADA compliance they can create software products that are accessible to all.
What happens if a website isn’t ADA-compliant?
If your website is not ADA Compliant, then it may lead to penalties that range from $55,000 to $150,000, as well as legal actions initiated by impacted individuals.
What are the ADA-compliant website requirements?
ADA Title III does not explicitly outline the specific requirements for ensuring website accessibility. Nevertheless, in cases related to ADA violations, U.S. courts commonly refer to the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 as the recommended standard that websites should follow.
Developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), WCAG is widely regarded as one of the most influential sets of guidelines influencing global web accessibility policies. WCAG compliance is based on the 4 Key Principles:
- P- Perceivable
- O- Operable
- U- Understandable
- R- Robust
These Principles lay the foundation for the below WCAG guidelines that should be followed for ADA compliance.
| 1. | Perceivable | |
|---|---|---|
| 1.1 | Text Alternatives | Provide Text Alternatives to different non-text content forms so that it can be used by assistive technology such as screen readers, braille, large print, symbols, or easy language. |
| 1.2 | Time-based Media | Provide Captions, alternatives or audio descriptions for pre-recorded and live time-based media such as audio or video. |
| 1.3 | Adaptable | Create content that is adaptable to different forms without losing out on the information or its structure. |
| 1.4 | Distinguishable | Make content easier for the user to see and hear so that they can separate the foreground from the background. |
| 2. | Operable | |
| 2.1 | Keyboard Accessible | Make all the functionality of the website accessible from a keyboard without requiring specific timings for individual keystrokes. |
| 2.2 | Enough Time | Give enough time to the users to read and act on the content. |
| 2.3 | Seizures | Content design should not have anything that flashes more than 3 times to avoid causing seizures due to photosensitivity. |
| 2.4 | Navigable | Help users navigate through the workflows and webpages, find content, and determine where they are on the website. |
| 2.5 | Input Modalities (WCAG 2.1 & WCAG 2.2) | Make it easier for the users to operate functionalities using different inputs apart from the keyboard. |
| 3. | Understandable | |
| 3.1 | Readable | Create content that is readable and easy to understand using clear and simple language. |
| 3.2 | Predictable | Design content and pages in a predictable way, where users can easily predict how to operate. |
| 3.3 | Input Assitance | Help users provide correct information and correct mistakes through ways like clear instructions and error prevention techniques. |
| 4. | Robust | |
| 4.1 | Compatible | Create a website with maximum compatibility with the current and future user agents such as browsers, devices, and platforms, including assistive technologies. |
Read More to know about WCAG Compliance and Guidelines in detail
How to test ADA Compliance using BrowserStack Accessibility Testing
BrowserStack Accessibility Testing is a unified platform for swiftly detecting both fundamental and intricate accessibility issues. It is a one-Stop Solution to
- Test,
- Report, and
- Monitor Web Accessibility Health.
Test Web Accessibility for ADA Compliance
You can perform ADA Testing of your website using BrowserStack Accessibility Testing Tool. It provides core features to:
- Test any user workflow in a single scan using Workflow Scanner
- Identify complex accessibility issues by answering simple, auto-generated questions using Assisted Tests
- Precisely locate issue sources using Screen Readers on Real Devices
You can run Workflow Scanner to Scan user flows across full page scan or test part of a page for accessibility. Use the Workflow scanner to automatically identify and report basic issues such as missing alt text, insufficient color contrast, among others at blazing speed.
Try BrowserStack Accessibility Testing
Workflow Scanner allows you to choose the required WCAG versions and its conformance level, for example, WCAG 2.0 AA. It highlights all the Web Accessibility Issues along with their details. This helps you meet the ADA Compliance requirements of reaching WCAG compliance A or AA for your website.
Report Web Accessibility Issues for ADA Compliance
BrowserStack Accessibility Testing Tool provides you access to all reports from the past and present scans on one single dashboard. You can combine multiple reports into one in seconds, and use the insightful issue summaries for better debugging.
You can get details on Issue Summary and Workflow Log Reports within the dashboard. All reports contain issues that are grouped on the basis of violating WCAG guidelines. It enables easier VPAT report creation.
You can also select multiple reports to create a consolidated report that can be shared or exported as a CSV file.
Monitor Web Accessibility for ADA Compliance
It also allows you to schedule scans at regular intervals and get a detailed Accessibility report. Upon the completion of the workflow scan, you can get details on Issue Summary and Workflow Log Reports within the dashboard.
Schedule Website Scan for WCAG Compliance Now
Best Practices for ADA Compliance
Some of the key best practices to follow for being ADA compliant are:
- Track WCAG 2.0 using a checklist so that you can conform to the ADA Title III Web Accessibility Compliance.
- Ensure that your content is using HTML Markup as per the standards.
- Create workflows that are easy to understand and follow.
- Make easy-to-use Design Navigation.
- Create interactive elements that are easy to identify.
- Create designs for different viewport sizes.
- Perform cross-browser compatibility tests on the website regularly.
- Use Automation tools to check Accessibility regularly.
- Run usability tests with users across the disability spectrum.
- Create VPAT reports regularly and track Web Accessibility conformance.
ADA Compliance Checklist
Here’s a handy checklist that can help you make an ADA-Compliant website based on WCAG 2.0 compliance:
- Insert alternative text tag on visual assets.
- Use contrasting colors to make content perceivable.
- Accommodate keyboard navigation.
- Keep text font and size easy to view.
- Create interactive elements that are operable.
- Use headlines and descriptions in a well-defined structure and clear hierarchy
- Add subtitles and captions to videos
- Avoid seizures due to photosensitivity by avoiding any flashing lights or blinking bright elements on the website.
- Use clear labels in forms for a better understanding.
- Ensure website is compatible to screen readers.
- Use pop-ups and alerts to help users avoid mistakes.
- Make it easy to correct mistakes if they occur using options like Back and Edit.
- Use concise language in text content for easy understanding.
- Build website that is compatible with current and future user agents (including assistive technologies).
Conclusion
ADA compliance ensures the inclusion of all. ADA Title III ensures web accessibility for all. However, it does not specify the requirements of web accessibility. To make ADA compliant website, WCAG 2.0 should be adhered to. Through its 4 Principles, and Guidelines, it has set a detailed framework to test accessibility and ensure that the website has an all-inclusive design.
By running Accessibility Tests based on the WCAG you can keep a check on the ADA compliance of the website and follow all the guidelines to deliver web content that is easily accessible to all.
