How to run Selenium tests on Chrome using ChromeDriver?

Google Chrome dominates the browser market with a massive 64% global market share. With several useful features, it is one of the most preferred browsers in the world. Given its importance and usage, testing all websites on Chrome becomes crucial.

This article will explain how to perform Selenium tests on a Chrome browser using ChromeDriver. But before that, let’s understand what ChromeDriver is and how users can configure it on their systems.

What is a Selenium ChromeDriver?

A ChromeDriver is a standalone server or a separate executable used by Selenium WebDriver to control Chrome. Running Selenium test scripts on the Google Chrome browser is impossible without ChromeDriver. One can easily initialize the object of ChromeDriver using the following command:

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver

How to download ChromeDriver for Selenium?

You can download ChromeDriver for Selenium as per the ChromeDriver version using its official website. Here are the steps given below:

Steps to download ChromeDriver version 115 and above

Step 1. Navigate to ChromeDriver official site for downloading the latest ChromeDriver.

Step 2. For Chrome browser version 115 and above, click on “the Chrome for Testing availability dashboard” which will navigate to Chrome for Testing Dashboard.

Step 3. This page has various versions for Stable, Beta, Dev and Canary releases for Windows, Mac and Linux operating system. Click on Stable link and look for ChromeDriver Win32 or Win64 (based on the Windows OS system type).

Step 4. Open the URL in the new browser window and ChromeDriver will be downloaded in zip format. Extract the content and move it to the desired location. (Preferably at the root location of the automationproject).

Steps to download ChromeDriver version 114 and below

Step 1. Navigate to ChromeDriver official site which lists all the latest and previous versions of ChromeDriver.

Step 2. Based on the Chrome browser version available on the system download the respective ChromeDriver. Assuming current Chrome browser version to be 114, click on “ChromeDriver 114.0.5735.90”. This page will navigate to the download section which has drivers for Mac, Linux, and Windows.

Step 3. Assuming the current system is Windows, click on “chromedriver_win32.zip”.

Step 4. ChromeDriver will be downloaded in zip format. Extract the content and move it to the desired location. (Preferably at the root location of the automation project).

Now, we have the desired ChromeDriver downloaded depending on our Chrome browser version, let us see the 2 ways by which we can configure ChromeDriver via environment and System.setProperty() method of Java.

How to configure ChromeDriver?

You can configure ChromeDriver using different methods

Steps to configure ChromeDriver via Environment Variable

On Windows operating systems, we can declare system level variables by using Environment variables. Below steps will help you set up the environment variable for Chrome Driver. Whenever an instance of the WebDriver is created in Selenium script, it will automatically detect the path of the ChromeDriver from the system variables.

Step 1. After the ChromeDriver executable file is extracted and moved to the desired location, copy that location to set its path in System’s environment variables.

Step 2. Open Environment variable pop up by directly searching for “Environment Variables” from Windows Search. This will open “System Properties” pop up. Click on the “Environment Variables” button.

Step 3. On Environment Variables pop-up’s System Variables section, click on Path variable and click on the Edit button. 

Step 4. On the Edit environment variable pop-up, click on the “New” button and add the ChromeDriver executable location. Click on OK to save the configuration. 

Step 5. Now whenever we create an instance of ChromeDriver in the Selenium script, it will automatically detect the ChromeDriver path from the system variable.

driver = new ChromeDriver();

This will automatically detect the ChromeDriver path from the system variable.

Configure ChromeDriver via System.setProperty method

ChromeDriver can also be configured by explicitly specifying the ChromeDriver path in the test script.

System.setProperty accepts key value pair where key would be “webdriver.chrome.driver” and value would be the path of the ChromeDriver exe path.

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:\\BStackDemo\\chromedriver.exe");

Steps for macOS users:

1. Go to the terminal and type the command: sudo nano /etc/paths
2. Enter the password
3. At the bottom of the file, add the path of your ChromeDriver
4. Type Y to save
5. To exit press Control + C

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Steps to run Selenium Tests on Chrome Browser

Let’s discuss how to run Selenium scripts on a Chrome browser using ChromeDriver.

1. In Eclipse or any IDE, create a Java project and add Selenium Java jars in the Java build path section.
2. Create a Java class file and add the below code to launch BStackDemo application on Chrome browser.
3. Set the properties by specifying the type of driver to be used along with its path describing where it is stored.
4. Initialize the object of the ChromeDriver. This helps in launching the Chrome browser.
5. To navigate to a particular URL, use the driver.get() method. One can also locate certain web elements using specific locators. To know more about locating elements in Selenium, refer to this detailed guide on Locators in Selenium.

Now let’s consider a test case example wherein we want to perform 2 simple steps:

1. Open Chrome Browser
2. Go to www.bstackdemo.com

Refer to the code snippet below to get a better sense of executing the steps mentioned above:

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class ChromeTest {

public static void main(String args[]) {

WebDriver driver;

//Setting system properties of ChromeDriver 
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:\\BStackDemo\\chromedriver.exe");

//Creating an object of ChromeDriver
driver = new ChromeDriver();

//launching the specified URL 
driver.get("https://bstackdemo.com/");
}
}

If you are configuring ChromeDriver via the environment variable, delete the System.setProperty() line from the above code and it should work.

Run Selenium Tests using ChromeDriver

How to run Selenium Tests on Real Chrome Browser using Automate

Here’s are the steps to run Selenium Tests on Real Chrome Browsers with BrowserStack Automate using BrowserStack SDK:

Step 1. Download BrowserStack Project Zip from the GitHub page.

Step 2. Once it is downloaded, unzip it in a desired location in your local system.

Step 3. Import the project in Eclipse via File-> Import -> General -> Projects from Folder or Archive in Eclipse.

Step 4. Once the project is imported it should have a structure like below. Open browser.yml file which contains all the required capabilities to run the tests on BrowserStack platform.

Step 5. Set username and password in the browserstack.yml file available at the root directory.

Step 6. You can run the test cases on multiple device and browser combinations available at the BrowserStack cloud. Select the required combinations from the Selection List.

Step 7. Copy and replace the platforms object in the browserstack.yml file like below.

platforms:

- os: Windows

osVersion: 10

browserName: Chrome

browserVersion: latest

- os: OS X

osVersion: Monterey

browserName: Safari

browserVersion: 15.6

 - deviceName: iPhone 13

osVersion: 15

browserName: Chromium

deviceOrientation: portrait

This is for running the test cases on 3 combinations. If you wish to run only on a single device you may edit the platforms accordingly.

Step 8. In the Eclipse Marketplace, search for BrowserStack > click Install > Finish.

Step 9. Add the above ChromeTest program under src/test/java folder and com.browserstack package. This class should extend SeleniumTest as it has the setup and teardown methods. The simplified code is as below using BrowserStack SDK.

package com.browserstack;

import com.browserstack.SeleniumTest;

import org.testng.Assert;

import org.testng.annotations.Test; 

public class ChromeTest extends SeleniumTest { 

   @Test

   public void launchChrome() {

         // launching the specified URL

         driver.get("https://bstackdemo.com/");

         Assert.assertEquals(driver.getTitle(), "StackDemo");

   }

}

Step 10. Run ChromeTestas TestNG test and view the test result on Automate dashboard.

Best Practices for using Selenium ChromeDriver

Here are the key best practices to follow when using Selenium ChromeDriver:

1. Cross-browser compatibility: Different browsers render web pages differently. Testing on real browsers ensures that the web application functions correctly across multiple browsers such as Chrome, Firefox, Safari and Microsoft Edge. To provide consistent experience across all the platforms, it is mandatory to test the web applications on different browsers.
2. Parallel Testing: With BrowserStack’s Automate platform one can easily test the web application across different browsers in parallel in different platforms and devices. Due to parallel testing, execution time reduces which results in a faster time to delivery.
3. Test on Real Devices: To check how the web application looks to an end user it is important to test it under real user conditions, which is why testing on real desktop and mobile devices help get more accurate test results. 
4. Take Screenshots and Video Logs: For better debugging and reproducing any failed test case, it is a good idea to get rich artifacts like Selenium Logs, Screenshots and Video Logs which you get with BrowserStack Automate.

Conclusion

Although it’s vital to test web-apps for Chrome, it’s also important for a web app to be optimized for other browsers like Firefox, Safari, Edge, etc. Teams can leverage  BrowserStack, which enable QAs to perform cross browser testing for their web apps across thousand of real browsers and browser versions like Safari, Opera, Edge, etc. All real browsers are installed on real desktop and mobile devices, thus providing the optimal environment for software testing in real user conditions.

Try BrowserStack Now